Scientific Terminology

Scientific terminology is the part of the language that is used by scientists in the context of their professional activities. While studying nature, scientists often encounter or create new material or immaterial objects and concepts and are compelled to name them.

• Acoustics : Study of sound.
• Acrobatics : Art of performing acrobatic feats ( gymnastics ).
• Aerodynamics : Study of the motion and control of solid bodies like aircraft, missiles, etc., in air
• Aerology : Study of atmosphere.
• Aeronautics : Study of aerial navigation.
• Aerostatics : Study of gases that are not in motion with respect to the coordinate system in which they are considered.
• Aesthetics : Philosophy of fine arts.
• Aetiology : Science of causation.
• Agrobiology : Study of plant life and plant nutrition.
• Agronomics : Science of managing land or crops.
• Agronomy : Science of soil management and crop production.
• Agrostology : Study of grasses.
• Alchemy : Chemistry in ancient times.
• Anatomy : Science dealing with the structure of animals, plants or human body.
• Anthropology : Science that deals with the origins, physical and cultural development of mankind.
• Arboriculture : Cultivation of trees and vegetables.
• Archaeology : Study of antiquities.
• Astrology : Ancient art of predicting the course of human destinies with the help of indications deduced from the position and movement of the heavenly bodies.
• Astrobiology : Science of living beings on celestial bodies other than earth.
• Astronautics : Science of space travel.
• Astronomy : Science of heavenly bodies.
• Astrophysics : Science of the physical properties of celestial bodies and the interaction between matter and energy with them.
• Bacteriology : Study of bacteria.
• Ballistics : Science of launching projectiles into space.
• Biochemistry : Study of chemical processes of living things.
• Biology : Science of living beings(plants and animals).
• Biometry : Application of mathematics to the study of living things.
• Bionics : Study of functions, characteristics and phenomena observed in the living world and the application of this knowledge to the world of machines.
• Bionomics : Study of the relation of an organism to its environments.
• Bionomy : Study of the laws of life.
• Biophysics : Physics of vital processes ( living things ).
• Botany : Study of plants.
• Calisthenics : Systematic exercises for attaining strength and gracefulness.
• Cartography : Science of Map Making.
• Ceramics : Art and technology of making objects from clay, etc. ( Pottery ).
• Chemistry : Science of composition and properties of elementary and compound substances.
• Chemotherapy : Treatment of disease by using chemical substances.
• Chronobiology : Study of the duration of life.
• Chronology : Science of arranging time in periods and ascertaining the dates and historical order of past events.
• Conchology : Branch of zoology dealing with the shells of mollusks.
• Cosmogony : Science of the nature of heavenly bodies.
• Cosmography : Science that describes and maps the main feature of the universe.
• Cosmology : Science of the origin and creation of the universe.
• Criminology : Study of crime and criminals.
• Cryptography : Study of ciphers ( secret and coded writing ).
• Crystallography : Science of the structure, forms and properties of crystals.
• Cryogenics : Science dealing with the production, control and application of very low temperatures.
• Cytochemistry : Branch of cytology dealing with the chemistry of cells.
• Cytogenetics : Branch of biology dealing with the study of heredity from the point of view of cytology and genetics.
• Cytology : Biological science dealing with structure and functions of cells.
• Dactylography : Study of fingerprints for the purpose of identification.
• Dactylology : Technique of communication by signs made with the fingers. It is generally used by the deaf.
• Demography : Statistical study of population with reference to natality, mortality, etc.
• Ecology : Study of the relation of animals and plants to their surroundings, animate and inanimate.
• Econometrics : Application of mathematics in testing economic theories.
• Economics : Science dealing with the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services.
• Embryology : Study of development of embryos.
• Entomology : Branch of zoology that deals with insects.
• Epidemiology : Branch of medicine dealing with epidemic diseases.
• Epigraphy : Study of inscriptions.
• Ethics : Psychological study of moral principles.
• Ethnography : Branch of anthropology dealing with the scientific description of individual cultures.
• Ethnology : Science of races of mankind and their relations to one another.
• Ethology : Scientific study of animal behaviour.
• Etymology : Study of origin and history of words.
• Eugenics : Science dealing with improvement of inborn or hereditary qualities in a series of generation of human race.
• Genealogy : Study of family ancestries and histories.
• Genecology : Study of genetical composition of plant population in relation to their habitats.
• Genesiology : Study of reproduction.
• Genetics : Branch of biology dealing with the phenomena of heredity and the laws governing it.
• Geobiology : Biology of terrestrial life.
• Geobotany : Branch of botany dealing with all aspects of relations between plants and the earth’s surface.
• Geochemistry : Study of the chemical composition of the earth’s crust & the changes which take place within it.
• Geography : Study of countries, rivers, seas, mountains, etc., of the earth.
• Geology : Study of conditions and structure of earth's crust, its strata etc.
• Geomedicine : Branch of medicine dealing with the influence of climate and environmental conditions on health.
• Geomorphology : Study of the characteristics, origin and development of land forms.
• Geophysics : Physics of the earth.
• Gerontology : Study of old age, its phenomena, diseases, etc.
• Heliotherapy : Sun cure.
• Histology : Study of tissues.
• Horticulture : Science of garden cultivation.
• Hydrodynamics : Mathematical study of the forces, energy and pressure of liquids in motion.
• Hydrography : Science of water measurements of the earth with special reference of their use for navigation.
• Hydrology : Study of water with reference to its occurrence and properties in the hydrosphere and atmosphere.
• Hydrometallurgy : Process of extracting metals at ordinary temperature by bleaching ore with liquids.
• Hydropathy : Treatment of disease by the internal and external use of water.
• Hydroponics : Cultivation of plants by placing the roots in liquid nutrient solutions rather than in soil.
• Hydrostatics : Mathematical study of forces and pressure in liquids.
• Hygiene : Science of health and its preservation.
• Iconography : Teaching with the aid of pictures and models.
• Iconology : Study of symbolic representations.
• Jurisprudence : Study of law.
• Lexicography : Deals with compilation of dictionary.
• Mammography : Radiography of the mammary glands.
• Metallography : Study of the crystalline structures of metals and alloys.
• Metallurgy : Process of extracting metals from their ores.
• Meteorology : Science which deals with weather and climate.
• Metrology : Scientific study of weights and measures.
• Microbiology : Science of microorganisms.
• Molecular Biology : Study of the structure of the molecules which are of importance in biology.
• Morphology : Science of organic forms and structures.
• Mycology : Study of fungi and fungus diseases.
• Neurology : Study of the nervous system, its functions and disorders.
• Neuropathology : Study of diseases of the nervous system.
• Numerology : Study of numbers. The study of the date and year of one’s birth and to determine the influence on one’s future life.
• Numismatics : Study of coins, medals, etc.
• Odontography : Description of the teeth.
• Odontology : Scientific study of the teeth.
• Optics : Study of nature and properties of light.
• Ornithology : Study of birds.
• Orthoepy : Study of correct pronunciation.
• Orthopedics : Science of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases and abnormalities of musculoskeletal systems.
• Osteology : Study of the bones.
• Osteopathology : Any disease of bones.
• Osteopathy : Therapeutic system based upon detecting and correcting faulty structure.
• Paleobotany : Study of fossil plants.
• Paleozoology : Study of fossil animals.
• Paleontology : Study of fossils.
• Palynology : Pollen analysis.
• Pathology : Study of diseases.
• Pedagogy : Art or method of teaching.
• Pharyngology : Science of the pharynx and its diseases.
• Phenology : Study of periodicity phenomena of plants.
• Philately : Deals with collection of stamps.
• Philology : Study of written records, their authenticity, etc.
• Phonetics : Study of speech sounds and the production, transmission, reception, etc.
• Photobiology : Branch of biology dealing with the effect of light on organisms.
• Photology : Scientific study of light.
• Phrenology : Study of the faculties and qualities of minds from the shape of the skull.
• Phthisiology : Scientific study of tuberculosis.
• Phycology : Study of algae.
• Physical Science : Study of natural laws and processes other than those peculiar to living matters, as in physics, chemistry and astronomy.
• Physics : Science dealing with properties of matter and energy.
• Physiography : Study of physical features of the earth.
• Physiology : Study of various functions of living beings.
• Physiotherapy : Therapy using exercise, massage, heat, etc., instead of drugs.
• Phylogeny : Study of origin and growth of plants.
• Pomology : Science that deals with fruits and fruit growing.
• Psychology : Study of human mind, behaviour, etc.
• Radio Astronomy : Study of heavenly bodies by the reception and analysis of the radio frequency electromagnetic radiations which they emit or reflect.
• Radiobiology : Branch of biology which deals with the effects of radiations on living organisms.
• Radiology : Study of Xrays and radioactivity.
• Rheology : Study of the deformation and flow of matter.
• Seismology : Science of earthquakes.
• Selenology : Scientific study of moon, its nature, origin, movements, etc.
• Sericulture : Science of silk and silkworms.
• Sociology : Study of social problems and social developments.
• Spectroscope : Study of matter and energy by the use of spectroscope.
• Teleology : Study of the evidences of design or purpose in nature.
• Telepathy : Communication between minds by some means other than sensory perception.
• Therapeutics : Science and art of healing.
• Topography : Special description of a part or region.
• Toxicology : Study of poisons.
• Virology : Scientific study of viruses.
• Zoology : Scientific study of animal life.